The roller pigeon (Columbia livia) is one of the most extraordinary and outstanding of the nearly 500 breeds of domestic pigeon. Its most prominent feature is its aerobatic skill – the capacity to fly to great heights and suddenly summersault backwards in tight rotations, spinning downward like a feathered ball, often dropping more than 150 feet. Rollers are energetic athletes that are exceedingly popular due to their deep, precise, rolling performances and their striking colors. A pigeon’s roll display quality is measured by the duration, height, form and style of its roll.

Pigeon fanciers all around the world keep tens of thousands of rollers. The history of the roller is not clear. The birds were apparently the result of selective Old World breeding that focused on a genetic mid-air spinning trait used naturally by pigeons to thwart aerial attacks by birds of prey. The original rollers were bred for exaggerated natural aerobatic escape skills and to perfect the tightness and duration of aerial rotations. Selective breeding has vastly improved the quality of rolling, and the ability of individual rollers to fly as a team or kit. Kits are usually comprised of eight to 20 rollers that fly in compact formation and roll simultaneously. These capabilities have been genetically cultivated for centuries.

The Roller’s Rise In The U.S.
Ancestral roller stock was imported from the United Kingdom to Canada in the early 1800s. By the 1870s, breeders in the United States began to take stock. By 1890, rollers had become vastly popular in much of North America. In the 1890s, Birmingham rollers predominated, but by 1900, Whittingham rollers had been developed and, by 1932, a new “Fireball” strain of high-fliers emerged.

Selective breeding to generate “long rolls” intensified early in the 20th century in North America. Deep rolls in unbroken 25- to 100-feet sequences were the objective. Individuals and kits varied enormously in their skill levels. Some rollers had characteristic mediocre performances. Others performed with great precision and prowess. Those were the basis for the modern stock. Efforts continue to focus on generating stock excellence. The main aim is to improve the three phases of rolling: entrance to the spin, the spin itself and recovery from the spin. Ideal rolls involve a mid-air folding of the body followed by a compact spin. Lopsidedness or sloppy spins with flailing wings are not desirable.

Roller Types
Not all roller strains excel at deep rolling. Parlor rollers cannot fly well, and they roll on the ground. Oriental rollers are not as proficient fliers as Birmingham rollers. Show rollers are chunkier and are bred for visual attractiveness and not rolling skills.
Rollers come in a great variety of colors and patterns. Some breeders focus on perfecting color traits. The most common colors are: yellow, red, blue-bar, silver-bar, white-wing, white-face, blue- or red-check and mottle. New color morphs are regularly generated, including stunning bronze variants.